第一部分:核心结构 - 议论文的“骨架”
标准的英语议论文通常遵循“五段式”结构,即引言 + 三个主体段 + 结论,这个结构清晰明了,是初学者和应试者的最佳选择。

引言段 - 介绍背景,提出论点
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第一句:钩子
- 目的:吸引读者的注意力,引出话题。
- 方法:可以是一个引人深思的问题、一个惊人的数据、一个相关的名言、一个普遍的现象或一个简短的故事。
In the digital age, social media has become an indispensable part of our daily lives, shaping how we communicate and perceive the world.
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第二/三句:背景信息
- 目的:为你的论点提供更广阔的背景,让读者了解为什么这个话题值得讨论。
- 方法:简要介绍话题的现状、历史或重要性。
While it offers unprecedented connectivity, its impact on mental health, particularly among teenagers, has become a subject of intense debate.
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最后一句:中心论点
- 目的:清晰地陈述你的立场和观点,这是整篇文章的灵魂。
- 方法:使用一个明确的陈述句,直接回答题目中的问题。
This essay will argue that, despite its benefits, the excessive use of social media poses significant risks to young people's mental well-being.
主体段 - 支撑论点,提供证据
一篇标准的议论文通常有三个主体段,每个主体段都用来支持中心论点中的一个分论点。
- 结构:
- 主题句: 每段的第一句,清晰地提出本段的分论点,它应该直接支持你的中心论点。
- 解释/阐述: 用一两句话详细解释你的主题句,说明为什么这个分论点是正确的。
- 论据: 提供具体的证据来支持你的分论点,这是段落的核心。
- 例子: 真实或虚构的具体事例。
- 数据: 来自研究、调查或统计的数字。
- 事实: 被普遍接受的真实信息。
- 专家、学者或名人的话。
- 分析/连接: 解释你的论据如何支持你的主题句,并把它和你的中心论点联系起来,不要只是罗列证据,要分析它的重要性。
- (可选) 小结句: 用一句话总结本段的观点,自然地过渡到下一段。
结论段 - 总结全文,重申论点
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第一句:重述中心论点
- 目的:用不同的措辞再次强调你的核心观点,不要简单复制引言中的句子。
In conclusion, while social media serves as a valuable tool for connection, its unchecked use can lead to severe mental health issues for the younger generation.
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中间部分:总结分论点
- 目的:简要回顾你在主体段中提出的几个主要论据,证明你的论点是经过充分论证的。
From fostering social comparison and cyberbullying to disrupting sleep patterns, the negative consequences are multifaceted and significant.
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最后一句:升华/展望
- 目的:给读者留下深刻印象,提出一个解决方案、做出一个预测或发出一个呼吁。
Therefore, it is imperative for parents, educators, and policymakers to work together to promote healthier digital habits and ensure that technology serves as a tool for empowerment, not a source of distress.
第二部分:写作步骤 - 从构思到成文
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审题
- 仔细阅读题目,确保你完全理解它在问什么,圈出关键词,如
discuss(讨论),advantages and disadvantages(利弊),to what extent do you agree or disagree(你在多大程度上同意/不同意)。
- 仔细阅读题目,确保你完全理解它在问什么,圈出关键词,如
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头脑风暴
拿出一张纸,快速写下所有与题目相关的想法、观点、例子和论据,不要评判好坏,先尽可能多地收集素材。
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确定论点
从你的头脑风暴列表中,选出最有力、最相关的2-3个观点作为你的主体段分论点,确保它们都支持你的中心论点。
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列提纲
- 这是最关键的一步!根据上面的“五段式”结构,把你的想法组织成一个清晰的提纲。
- 钩子 -> 背景 -> 中心论点。
- 主体段1: 主题句 -> 解释 -> 论据 -> 分析。
- 主体段2: 主题句 -> 解释 -> 论据 -> 分析。
- 主体段3: 主题句 -> 解释 -> 论据 -> 分析。
- 重述论点 -> 总结分论点 -> 升华。
- 提纲能确保你的文章逻辑连贯,结构清晰,避免写作时跑偏。
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撰写初稿
根据你的提纲,开始写作,不要过分追求完美,重点是先把想法表达出来,遇到不会的单词,可以先空着或用简单的词代替。
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修改与润色
- 论点是否清晰?论据是否充分?逻辑是否通顺?
- 检查结构: 段落划分是否合理?过渡词用得是否恰当?
- 检查语言: 拼写、语法、标点是否正确?用词是否准确、多样?
- 大声朗读: 这能帮你发现不通顺或拗口的句子。
第三部分:实用技巧与常用句型
常用过渡词
- 表示对比/转折:
However,On the other hand,In contrast,Nevertheless,While - 表示原因:
Because,Since,Due to,As a result of - 表示结果:
Therefore,Thus,As a result,Consequently,Hence - 表示举例:
For example,For instance,Such as,To illustrate - 表示递进:
Furthermore,Moreover,In addition,Besides - 表示总结:
In conclusion,To sum up,In summary,Overall
常用句型
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引言段:
The issue of [topic] has sparked a heated debate.([话题]问题引发了激烈辩论。)When it comes to [topic], people's opinions vary.(当谈到[话题]时,人们的看法各不相同。)[Topic] is a double-edged sword which presents both opportunities and challenges.([话题]是一把双刃剑,既带来机遇也带来挑战。)
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主体段:
The primary reason for this is that...(其主要原因是...)A compelling example of this is...(一个有力的例子是...)This can be illustrated by the case of...(这可以通过...的例子来说明。)Statistics from [a source] show that...([某来源]的数据显示...)
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结论段:
To conclude, it is clear that...(很明显...)All things considered, it seems reasonable to suggest that...(综合考虑,似乎可以合理地认为...)Looking ahead, it is crucial that we...(展望未来,我们必须...)
第四部分:范文示例
** Some people believe that university education should be free for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Introduction
The rising cost of higher education has become a major barrier for many aspiring students worldwide, sparking a debate about whether university tuition should be made free. While making education accessible to all is a noble goal, I strongly disagree with the notion that university education should be entirely free for everyone. This essay will argue that, although free tuition can increase access, it is not a sustainable solution and may lead to a decline in educational quality and an unfair burden on taxpayers.
Body Paragraph 1
Firstly, funding university education entirely through public finances would place an immense and unfair burden on taxpayers. A significant portion of the population may not attend university or may have already graduated. Forcing these individuals, often from lower-income backgrounds, to fund the education of others through taxes is fundamentally inequitable. For example, in a country where only 30% of young people enroll in university, the remaining 70% would still be contributing their tax money to a system from which they derive no direct personal benefit. This could lead to widespread public
