下面我将从核心功能、常用结构、实用句型和高分技巧四个方面,为你全面解析如何写好一篇英语议论文的结尾。

结尾的核心功能

在动笔之前,请记住结尾必须完成以下三个任务：

1. 重申论点: 用新的措辞再次强调你的核心观点，让读者在读完文章后,能清晰地记住你的主要立场。
2. 总结论据: 简要回顾你在主体段落中使用的几个主要分论点或证据,展示你的论证是充分且有逻辑的。
3. 升华主题: 这是结尾的灵魂，将你的论点与一个更广阔的背景、更深远的意义或未来的展望联系起来，让文章的立意得到升华,给读者留下思考和回味的空间。

结尾的常用结构

最经典、最稳妥的结尾结构是“三段式”,即包含三个层次：

1. 第一层：重申论点

   • 用 In conclusion, To sum up, Overall 等过渡词开头,直接点明你的核心观点。
   • 注意： 不要一字不差地复制引言中的句子，一定要进行同义替换和句式变换。

2. 第二层：总结要点

   • 用 Firstly, Secondly, Finally 或 Moreover, In addition 等词,简要概括你文章中的主要论据。
   • 这部分要简洁,避免引入新的信息或例子。

3. 第三层：展望/建议/警示

   • 提出你的看法、预测未来的趋势、给出建议或发出警告。
   • 这部分最能体现你的思辨深度和写作水平。

实用句型与表达

你可以根据不同的写作风格和语境,选择以下句型。

重申论点

• 经典型:
  • In conclusion, while there are certainly valid arguments on both sides, I firmly believe that [重述你的论点]. （尽管双方都有充分的论据，但我坚信……）
  • To sum up, the evidence overwhelmingly supports the view that [重述你的论点]. （证据有力地支持了……的观点。）
• 高级型:
  • Ultimately, the issue of [话题] is not merely a matter of [简单层面], but a reflection of [深层意义]. Therefore, it is clear that [重述你的论点]. （[话题]的问题不仅仅是……层面的事，更是……的反映，很明显……）
  • Having considered the various arguments presented, it is reasonable to conclude that [重述你的论点]. （在考虑了各种论点之后，可以合理地得出结论……）

总结要点

• 列举式:
  • This essay has argued three main points: Firstly, [要点一]. Secondly, [要点二]. Finally, [要点三]. （本文论证了三个主要论点：………）
• 概括式:
  • The reasons discussed above, such as [提及一个论据] and [提及另一个论据], all point to the same conclusion. （上述讨论的原因，如……和……，都指向了同一个结论。）
  • From the analysis of [方面一] and [方面二], it becomes evident that [你的论点]. （通过对……和……的分析，很明显……）

升华主题

• 提出建议/解决方案:
  • It is imperative that we take immediate action to [提出具体建议]. Only by doing so can we hope to [描述美好未来]. （我们必须立即采取行动去……我们才能……）
  • Therefore, it is suggested that governments, individuals, and corporations should collaborate to [提出合作方向]. （建议政府、个人和公司应合作……）
• 展望未来:
  • Looking ahead, the way we address [话题] will undoubtedly shape the future of [相关领域]. （展望未来，我们处理……的方式将无疑会塑造……的未来。）
  • As we move forward, it is crucial to bear in mind that [你的核心观点], for it holds the key to [其重要性]. （当我们向前迈进时，牢记……至关重要，因为它掌握着……的关键。）
• 发出警示/强调重要性:
  • Failure to recognize the significance of [你的论点] may lead to [负面后果]. （未能认识到……的重要性可能会导致……）
  • The stakes are high, and the time for [你的观点] is now. （利害关系重大，现在正是……的时候。）

高分技巧与注意事项

1. 避免陈词滥滥调: 尽量少用 In a nutshell, All in all 等过于简单或口语化的表达，选择 In light of the above arguments 或 Given the points discussed 等更书面的词汇。
2. 保持简洁有力: 结尾不是再写一段新文章，通常控制在 3-5句话 为宜,每一句话都要有其存在的价值。
3. 避免引入新信息: 结尾的目的是收束全文，而不是提出一个全新的、未经论证的观点,绝对不要在结尾段加入新的例子或论据。
4. 句式多变: 不要只用简单句，可以尝试使用 Not only...but also..., Only by...can we... 等句式,增加结尾的气势和文采。
5. 呼应开头: 如果你的开头用了比喻、故事或一个引人深思的问题，结尾可以巧妙地回应它，形成首尾呼应的结构,会使文章浑然一体。

完整范例分析

** Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others believe that the true function of a university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

【我的论点】 我认为，大学教育的最佳模式是兼顾理论与实践,将学术知识的内在价值与职业技能的实用性相结合。

【一个平庸的结尾】

In conclusion, universities should teach both academic knowledge and practical skills. This essay has discussed the two views. I think my opinion is right. We need both for our future.

【点评】 过于简单，句式单一，没有升华,只是简单重复。

【一个优秀的结尾】

In conclusion, while the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake is undoubtedly a noble and fundamental aspect of higher education, its ultimate value is most fully realized when it is connected to the practical needs of society. Therefore, a university curriculum that successfully integrates rigorous academic study with the development of relevant workplace skills is not merely a compromise, but the ideal model for preparing individuals to thrive in the modern world. By doing so, universities can empower students not only to understand the world, but also to actively contribute to shaping it for the better.

【结构分析】

1. 重申论点: ...a university curriculum that successfully integrates rigorous academic study with the development of relevant workplace skills is not merely a compromise, but the ideal model... (巧妙地融合了双方观点，并提出了自己的“理想模式”)
2. 总结要点: ...the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake... (回应了对方观点) + ...connected to the practical needs of society... (回应了自己观点的实用性)
3. 升华主题: By doing so, universities can empower students not only to understand the world, but also to actively contribute to shaping it for the better. (将大学教育的意义从个人发展提升到了“塑造更美好的世界”的高度,立意深远)

希望这份详细的指南能帮助你写出令人印象深刻的议论文结尾！