英语议论文写作课件

(English Argumentative Essay Writing Courseware)

幻灯片 1: 标题页

Master the Art of Argument: A Guide to Writing a Stellar English Argumentative Essay 掌握论辩的艺术：英语议论文写作指南 图片: 一张展示大脑风暴、辩论或写作过程的图片。 底部信息: Instructor: [Your Name] / Course: [Your Course Name]

幻灯片 2: 课程大纲

What We Will Cover Today 今天我们将学习什么**

1. What is an Argumentative Essay? (什么是议论文？)

   Definition and Purpose (定义与目的)

2. The Core Structure: The 5-Paragraph Essay (核心结构：五段式论文)

   Introduction, Body Paragraphs, Conclusion (引言、主体段落、

3. Step-by-Step Guide to Writing (分步写作指南)

   From Prewriting to Polishing (从构思到润色)

4. Essential Language & Phrases (必备语言与句型)

   How to sound persuasive (如何做到有说服力)

5. Common Pitfalls & How to Avoid Them (常见误区与规避方法)
6. Practice & Q&A (练习与问答)

幻灯片 3: What is an Argumentative Essay?

What is an Argumentative Essay? 什么是议论文？**

• Definition (定义):

  • A type of academic writing that requires a student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.
  • 一种学术写作,要求学生研究一个主题，收集、整理和评估证据，并以简洁的方式就主题确立一个立场。

• Key Purpose (核心目的):

  • To persuade (说服): To convince the reader that your opinion is a valid and well-reasoned one.
  • To inform (告知): To provide the reader with relevant information and evidence.
  • To analyze (分析): To examine different sides of an issue and show why your position is the strongest.

• It's NOT just an opinion essay!

  • It's not just "I think..." or "I feel...". It must be supported by facts, logic, and evidence.
  • 它不仅仅是“我认为……”或“我感觉……”，它必须由事实、逻辑和证据来支撑。

幻灯片 4: The Core Structure (The 5-Paragraph Essay)

The Blueprint: The 5-Paragraph Essay 蓝图：五段式论文结构**

• Paragraph 1: Introduction (引言段)

  • Hook (钩子)
  • Background Information (背景信息)
  • Thesis Statement (中心论点)

• Paragraph 2: Body Paragraph 1 (主体段 1)

  • Topic Sentence (主题句)
  • Supporting Point 1 + Evidence & Explanation (论点1 + 证据 + 解释)

• Paragraph 3: Body Paragraph 2 (主体段 2)

  • Topic Sentence (主题句)
  • Supporting Point 2 + Evidence & Explanation (论点2 + 证据 + 解释)

• Paragraph 4: Body Paragraph 3 (主体段 3)

  • Topic Sentence (主题句)
  • Supporting Point 3 + Evidence / Counter-argument + Refutation (论点3 / 反驳观点 + 反驳)

• Paragraph 5: Conclusion (结论段)

  • Restate Thesis (重申中心论点)
  • Summarize Main Points (总结主要论点)
  • Concluding Statement (最终陈述)

幻灯片 5: Deep Dive - The Introduction

Part 1: Writing a Powerful Introduction 第一部分：写出有力的引言**

• The Hook (钩子): Grab the reader's attention in the first sentence.

  • Question: "Should students be required to wear school uniforms?"
  • Statistic/Fact: "According to a recent study, schools with dress codes report a 20% decrease in disciplinary issues."
  • Quotation: "As the famous educator John Dewey once said, 'Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.'"
  • Short Story/Anecdote: "Imagine a student waking up in the morning, not dreading what to wear, but excited about the day's learning."

• Background Information (背景信息): Provide context for your topic. 2-3 sentences.

  Briefly introduce the debate surrounding school uniforms.

• Thesis Statement (中心论点): The most important sentence in your essay. It states your position and your main reasons.

  • Formula: [Your Position] because [Reason 1], [Reason 2], and [Reason 3].
  • Example: "School uniforms should be mandatory in all public schools because they promote equality, reduce distractions, and foster a stronger sense of school community."

幻灯片 6: Deep Dive - The Body Paragraphs

Part 2: Building Strong Body Paragraphs 第二部分：构建坚实的主体段落**

• The "PEE" or "TEA" Structure:

  • P / T - Point (Topic Sentence): State the main idea of the paragraph. (一个观点)
  • E - Evidence/Example: Provide specific facts, statistics, examples, or quotations to support your point. (提供证据)
  • E - Explanation/Analysis: Explain HOW the evidence proves your point. Connect the evidence back to your topic sentence and thesis. (进行分析)

• Example:

  • (Point) First and foremost, school uniforms promote a sense of equality among students.
  • (Evidence) In a uniform environment, students from different socioeconomic backgrounds are less likely to be judged or bullied based on their clothing. A 2025 study by the National Association of Secondary School Principals found that 86% of teachers observed a decrease in social stratification in schools with uniform policies.
  • (Explanation) This demonstrates that uniforms act as a great equalizer, shifting the focus from material wealth to academic and personal achievement, which is the true purpose of education.

幻灯片 7: Deep Dive - The Conclusion

Part 3: Crafting a Memorable Conclusion 第三部分：打造令人印象深刻的结论**

• Do NOT introduce new information! (不要引入新信息！)

• Your job is to wrap up, not surprise. (你的工作是收尾，而不是制造惊喜。)

• Step 1: Restate Thesis (重申中心论点)

  • Paraphrase your thesis statement using different words.
  • Original: "School uniforms should be mandatory... because they promote equality, reduce distractions, and foster a stronger sense of school community."
  • Paraphrased: "Therefore, implementing a mandatory uniform policy is a crucial step towards creating a more focused, equitable, and unified learning environment."

• Step 2: Summarize Main Points (总结主要论点)

  • Briefly remind the reader of your supporting arguments.
  • "By minimizing social pressures, enhancing concentration in class, and building collective identity, uniforms offer clear benefits."

• Step 3: Concluding Statement (最终陈述)

  • End with a final thought, a call to action, or a look to the future.
  • "Ultimately, the investment in school uniforms is an investment in the future success and well-being of every student."

幻灯片 8: Essential Language & Phrases

Persuasive Language: Your Toolbox 有说服力的语言：你的工具箱**

• Stating Your Opinion (陈述观点):

  • It is clear that... / There is no doubt that...
  • I firmly believe that... / I am convinced that...
  • The primary issue is... / The crux of the matter is...

• Adding Supporting Points (添加支持论点):

  • Furthermore / Moreover / In addition
  • Not only... but also...
  • Equally important...

• Showing Contrast (显示对比):

  • However / On the other hand / In contrast
  • While some people argue..., others maintain that...
  • Admittedly... / It is true that... but...

• Concluding (:

  • In conclusion / To sum up / In summary
  • All in all / Ultimately / Therefore / Thus / Consequently

幻灯片 9: Common Pitfalls & How to Avoid Them

What NOT to Do: Common Mistakes 切勿这样做